A pair of AMD BIOS chips for a 310 computer from the late 1980s BIOS (; an acronym for Basic Input/Output System and also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is non-volatile used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs. The BIOS firmware comes pre-installed on a 's system board, and it is the first software to run when powered on. The name originates from the Basic Input/Output System used in the operating system in 1975.

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The BIOS originally to the IBM PC has been by companies looking to create compatible systems. The of that original system serves as a standard. The BIOS in modern PCs initializes and tests the system hardware components, and loads a from a mass memory device which then initializes an. In the era of, the BIOS provided a for the keyboard, display, and other (I/O) devices that standardized an interface to application programs and the operating system. More recent operating systems do not use the BIOS after loading, instead accessing the hardware components directly. Most BIOS implementations are specifically designed to work with a particular computer or model, by interfacing with various devices that make up the complementary system. Originally, BIOS firmware was stored in a chip on the PC motherboard.

In modern computer systems, the BIOS contents are stored on so it can be rewritten without removing the chip from the motherboard. This allows easy, end-user updates to the BIOS firmware so new features can be added or bugs can be fixed, but it also creates a possibility for the computer to become infected with BIOS. Furthermore, a BIOS upgrade that fails can the motherboard permanently, unless the system includes some form of for this case.

(UEFI) is a successor to the legacy PC BIOS, aiming to address its technical shortcomings. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • History [ ] “ /* C P / M B A S I C I / O S Y S T E M (B I O S) COPYRIGHT (C) GARY A. KILDALL JUNE, 1975 */ [] /* B A S I C D I S K O P E R A T I N G S Y S T E M (B D O S) COPYRIGHT (C) GARY A. KILDALL JUNE, 1975 */ ” — An excerpt from the BDOS.PLM file header in the source code of CP/M 1.1 or 1.2 for (LLL) The term BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) was created by and first appeared in the operating system in 1975, describing the machine-specific part of CP/M loaded during boot time that interfaces directly with the. (A CP/M machine usually has only a simple in its ROM.) Versions of, or contain a file called variously ', ', 'IBMBIO.SYS', or 'DRBIOS.SYS'; this file is known as the 'DOS BIOS' (also known as the 'DOS I/O System') and contains the lower-level hardware-specific part of the operating system. Together with the underlying hardware-specific but operating system-independent 'System BIOS', which resides in, it represents the analogue to the '.

With the introduction of PS/2 machines, IBM divided the System BIOS into real- and protected-mode portions. Stock management system project in php free download windows 7. The real-mode portion was meant to provide backward compatibility with existing operating systems such as DOS, and therefore was named 'CBIOS' (for 'Compatibility BIOS'), whereas the 'ABIOS' (for 'Advanced BIOS') provided new interfaces specifically suited for multitasking operating systems such as. User interface [ ] “ Starting:-The first commercial licensing of took place in 1975 with contracts between and for use in their intelligent terminal, and with where CP/M was used to monitor programs in the. Little attention was paid to CP/M for about a year. In my spare time, I worked to improve overall facilities. By this time, CP/M had been adapted for four different controllers. In 1976, Glenn Ewing approached me with a problem:, Incorporated, for whom Glenn consulted, had shipped a large number of disk subsystems with a promise that an operating system would follow.